Critical thinking and reliance on AI
Across 26 studies, AI supported reflection and feedback in some settings, while uncritical reliance was associated with reduced analytical engagement and weaker checking of information.

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Across 26 studies, AI supported reflection and feedback in some settings, while uncritical reliance was associated with reduced analytical engagement and weaker checking of information.
OECD reading scores fell 14 points from 2022. PISA links AI use for summarizing, drafting, and preliminary research with lower science scores. Weekly use for general learning shows similar scores to non-use; opportunities to assess AI information accompany…
Students were more positive about AI than staff, while staff expertise and perceived uses varied. Student uses centered on language improvement and text production; appropriate academic use remained ambiguous.