Critical thinking and reliance on AI
Across 26 studies, AI supported reflection and feedback in some settings, while uncritical reliance was associated with reduced analytical engagement and weaker checking of information.

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Across 26 studies, AI supported reflection and feedback in some settings, while uncritical reliance was associated with reduced analytical engagement and weaker checking of information.
OECD reading scores fell 14 points from 2022. PISA links AI use for summarizing, drafting, and preliminary research with lower science scores. Weekly use for general learning shows similar scores to non-use; opportunities to assess AI information accompany…
Students were more positive about AI than staff, while staff expertise and perceived uses varied. Student uses centered on language improvement and text production; appropriate academic use remained ambiguous.
Students accepted incorrect AI recommendations on 62.4% of relevant trials with open ChatGPT support, compared with 39.7% when a reflection prompt preceded their final answer. Reflection also improved awareness of reliance.
A small programming-course pilot reported similar assignment performance with a scaffolded AI coach and unrestricted tools. Coach users reported greater confidence, but some exhausted hints early or saved them without a plan.
Does asking students to pause and examine AI advice help them resist plausible mistakes? A randomized experiment with 342 undergraduates compared independent work, open ChatGPT support and ChatGPT with a reflection prompt. Students completed reasoning and…
Can limits built into an AI tutor teach students to manage their own learning? A seven-week pilot assigned 33 master's students to a restricted study coach or unrestricted AI tools during programming laboratories. The coach offered explanations and…
Does asking students to pause and examine AI advice help them resist plausible mistakes? A randomized experiment with 342 undergraduates compared independent work, open ChatGPT support and ChatGPT with a reflection prompt. Students completed reasoning and…
Can limits built into an AI tutor teach students to manage their own learning? A seven-week pilot assigned 33 master's students to a restricted study coach or unrestricted AI tools during programming laboratories. The coach offered explanations and…
A high-school robotics curriculum connects assembly, simulation and reinforcement learning through a shared humanoid robot project. Pairs of students work toward training a walking behavior and transferring it to hardware. Five experts reviewed the design,…
A US university survey finds that students combine enthusiasm and concern in different ways. Researchers analyzed 237 responses and grouped participants into optimistic, neutral and skeptical profiles, comprising approximately 41%, 38% and 21% of this sample.…
Can a chatbot become a thinking partner rather than an answer supplier? A semester-long pilot followed 14 undergraduates in an applied statistics course that asked them to think independently, consult ChatGPT, then explain how their thinking changed. Students…
A newly published study used machine learning as part of a hands-on electronics lesson sequence, rather than as a conversational tutor. Eighty eighth-grade boys in two existing classes studied the same sensing and remote-control unit. One class trained and…