Critical thinking and reliance on AI
Across 26 studies, AI supported reflection and feedback in some settings, while uncritical reliance was associated with reduced analytical engagement and weaker checking of information.
Why it matters for leaders
Define AI literacy through observable judgment: checking claims, comparing sources, explaining disagreements, and defending a conclusion. Measure those behaviors alongside assignment quality.
The evidence
The review combined qualitative, survey, mixed-methods, and experimental studies. Searches ran through May 2, 2026; results were synthesized thematically, without a pooled effect estimate.
Who was studied
Higher education: indirect K-12 implications
What the evidence cannot tell us
Most studies were not randomized, and all concerned higher education. The review does not establish a general causal decline in children’s critical thinking.
Read the original sources
Summary and leadership analysis from the August 31–September 6, 2026 brief. The edition’s selection notes explain source access and evidence limitations.